INDONESIA OVERVIEW

The Nickel Frontier

Indonesia is the global epicenter of nickel extraction, powering the world's green energy transition. But this rapid expansion is carving deep into some of the world's most biodiverse tropical forests.

408
Total Concessions
1,026,674 ha
Total Concession Area
215
Open Pit Count
40,396 ha
Open Pit Area
659,853 ha
Total Threatened Forest
251,347 ha
Threatened Primary Forest

SULAWESI

The Epicenter

Sulawesi bears the brunt of Indonesia’s nickel-driven industrialization. Vast industrial parks and open-pit mines now spread across its coastlines and rainforests, placing mounting pressure on marine ecosystems, forest landscapes, coastal communities, and Indigenous territories. As mining concessions expand, forests, fisheries, and customary lands face growing risks from land clearing, pollution, and industrial encroachment.

339
Total Concessions
745,577 ha
Total Concession Area
180
Open Pit Count
30,248 ha
Open Pit Area
461,249 ha
Total Threatened Forest
227,031 ha
Threatened Primary Forest

MALUKU / HALMAHERA

Nickel Expansion and the Threat to Halmahera’s Rainforests

In North Maluku, the Weda Bay Industrial Park has expanded at a rapid pace, accelerating the growth of nickel mining across Halmahera. Once-pristine rainforests are being cleared to make way for open-pit mines, roads, and massive smelter complexes, fragmenting forest landscapes that are vital to biodiversity and local livelihoods. This expanding industrial footprint places growing pressure on the O’Hongana Manyawa people, including uncontacted groups whose ancestral forests are increasingly threatened by land clearing, pollution, and encroachment.

67
Total Concessions
251,491 ha
Total Concession Area
34
Open Pit Count
9,851 ha
Open Pit Area
179,969 ha
Total Threatened Forest
17,357 ha
Threatened Primary Forest

PAPUA

The Next Frontier

As reserves deplete elsewhere, the extractive gaze turns toward Papua. The world's third-largest rainforest area is now highly vulnerable to future mining expansion and ecological collapse.

2
Total Concessions
29,606 ha
Total Concession Area
1
Open Pit Count
298 ha
Open Pit Area
18,635 ha
Total Threatened Forest
6,959 ha
Threatened Primary Forest

The energy transition Should Not Cost Ecological Collapse

The transition to electric vehicles must be just. We cannot sacrifice the lungs of the earth to save the atmosphere. Explore the data, understand the impact, and demand sustainable supply chains.

Explore The Data
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